Table 1 Multigroup growth curve model results for school engagement, with initial levels of stereotype awareness (intercept) predicting initial levels of engagement (intercept) for RQ3, initial levels of stereotype awareness (intercept) predicting changes (slope) in engagement for RQ4, and changes (slope) in stereotype awareness predicting changes (slope) in engagement for RQ5.

School track	Lowest track				Combined track				Higher track
Parameter	b	SE	Est/SE	p	b	SE	Est/SE	p	b	SE	Est/SE	p
Intercept of school engagement
RQ3: Intercept of stereotypes	−0.360	0.092	−3.925	<0.001	−0.469	0.12	−3.909	<0.001	−0.594	0.100	−5.935	<0.001
Slope of stereotypes	−0.051	0.239	−0.211	0.833	−0.154	0.144	−1.068	0.285	0.139	0.209	0.665	0.506
Gender	−0.253	0.054	−4.661	<0.001	−0.181	0.064	−2.846	0.004	−0.111	0.069	−1.610	0.108
Socioeconomic background	−0.024	0.036	−0.683	0.495	0.013	0.033	0.393	0.695	0.012	0.038	0.321	0.748
Migration background	0.191	0.069	2.761	0.006	−0.049	0.186	−0.263	0.793	0.340	0.116	2.935	0.003
Changes in school engagement (slope)
RQ4: Intercept of stereotypes	−0.034	0.109	−0.309	0.833	−0.068	0.127	−0.535	0.833	0.083	0.128	0.647	0.833
RQ5: Slope of stereotypes	−0.005	0.278	−0.018	0.986	−0.011	0.155	−0.072	0.986	−0.288	0.215	−1.340	0.424
Gender	0.135	0.071	1.883	0.060	0.063	0.071	0.890	0.373	0.069	0.083	0.826	0.409
Socioeconomic background	0.010	0.043	0.228	0.819	−0.002	0.04	−0.057	0.955	0.013	0.039	0.325	0.745
Migration background	−0.147	0.08	−1.829	0.067	0.172	0.178	0.966	0.334	−0.173	0.096	−1.811	0.070

RQ = research question; Gender: 0 = female, 1 = male; Migration background: 0 = without, 1 = with; Statistically significant p-values (p < 0.05) are printed in bold. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied to all p-values related to each research question, separately.

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