Fig. 2: Results of vowels’ frequency formants and consonants’ VOT in each group.

Vowels’ frequency formants are presented in (a) and consonants’ VOT results are presented in (b). No group differences were found for VOTs. CAC age-control children, CRD children with RD, AAC age-control adults, ARD adults with RD. Error bars depict SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.