Table 1 Descriptive statistics of household- and school-level parental education

From: Household- and school-level parental education and academic self-concept development in elementary school

Household-level parental education (N = 679)

N (%)

School-level parental education (N = 18)

%

No education/early education

1 (0.1%)

Range

0.1–44.9%

Primary education

3 (0.4%)

Mean

6.3%

Lower secondary education

20 (2.9%)

Standard Deviation

10.4%

Upper secondary education

26 (3.8%)

Median

1.9%

Post-secondary non-tertiary education

19 (2.8%)

Ā Ā 

Short-cycle tertiary education

135 (19.9%)

Ā Ā 

Bachelor’s or equivalent degree

217 (32.0%)

Ā Ā 

Master’s degree, equivalent or higher

258 (38.0%)

Ā Ā 
  1. The range of household-level parental education scale is from 0 (no education/early education) to 7 (master’s degree, equivalent or higher). School-level parental education could range from 0 to 100%, with higher percentage scores indicating a higher concentration of children of lower-educated parents (see ā€œMethodsā€ section for details).