Fig. 5: Tumor-specific characteristics mediate therapy failure in virtual patient cohorts.

a Distributions of the four tumor growth and PSA expression parameters characterizing the heterogeneous virtual patient cohort, showing natural clustering into groups with low, medium, and high parameter values. Vertical back lines indicate maximum likelihood parameter values for the six patients in the clinical dataset. b–e Progression-free survival curves for virtual patients stratified by low, medium, and high ranges of each parameter. The accompanying table shows the number of patients for whom therapy had not failed at each time point.