Fig. 3: Effect of the association (\({b}_{1}^{+}\)) and dissociation (\({b}_{1}^{-}\)) rates of CCL4–CCR5 binding on the intracellular dynamics of microglia and tumor growth.

A CCL5 level for various midkine concentrations and association rates (\({b}_{1}^{+}\)). B CCL5 levels for various midkine concentrations when \({b}_{1}^{+}=1.2,12,120\) and \({b}_{1}^{-}=0.18\) fixed. Changes in the [CCL4–CCR5] and [CCL4–CCR8] complex levels (C) and NFκB/CCL5 (D) as \({b}_{1}^{+}\) is increased in the absence of midkine. E, F Same as in C, D in response to the high midkine concentration. G CCL5 levels for various midkine concentrations and dissociation rates (\({b}_{1}^{-}\)). H CCL5 levels for various midkine concentrations when \({b}_{1}^{-}=0.018,0.18,1.8\) and \({b}_{1}^{+}=12\) fixed. Changes in the [CCL4–CCR5] and [CCL4–CCR8] complex levels (I) and NFκB/CCL5 (J) as \({b}_{1}^{-}\) is increased in the absence of midkine. K, L Same as in I, J in response to the high midkine concentrations.