Fig. 5: Sera from mice vaccinated with norovirus VP1 mRNA-LNP bivalent vaccine neutralize GII.4 infection in human intestinal enteroids.

A Experimental schematic of the study. Human intestinal enteroids were infected for 2 h at 37 °C with GII.4 Sydney virus (stool sample #20942) that was pre-incubated with serial dilution of sera from mice immunized by i.m. with (B) 10 μg or (C) 0.25 μg of each mRNA-LNP vaccine encoding Norwalk1968/GI.1 and CapeTown2012/GII.4 VP1 for 1 h at room temperature. Following infection, 3D HIE were washed and cultured in BME for 3 days post-infection (see Methods and Materials). Viral titers were measured by RT-qPCR. *p < 0.05 vs control (empty LNP). B, C Each dot in the graph at a given dilution represents an independent infection performed on a separate day, while each set of bars, i.e., dilutions 1:100 to 1:30,000 (B), or 1:300 to 1:10,000 (C) represents the dilution series from an individual serum sample. Schematic for Fig. 5A created with Biorender.