Fig. 7: Evolution of H9N2 AIV in vaccinated chickens facilitates the emergence of novel viruses, posing increased threat to public health. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 7: Evolution of H9N2 AIV in vaccinated chickens facilitates the emergence of novel viruses, posing increased threat to public health.

From: Impact of inactivated vaccine on transmission and evolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens

Fig. 7

A Amino-acid substitutions related to mammal-adaptation detected in viral populations isolated from naïve and vaccinated animal chains. B Viral titers of monoclonal strains with significantly higher replication capacity than wild-type HB17 (P < 0.05) in naïve and vaccinated animal. Mice (n = 6) were inoculated with 106 TCID50 of different monoclonal strains. Three mice from each group were euthanized at 3 dpi, and viral titers in the lungs were determined by infection of MDCK cells. Statistical significance relative to wild-type HB17 was assessed with two-way ANOVA (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01).

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