Fig. 5: Process flow diagrams for pilot test studies using IX and GAC. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 5: Process flow diagrams for pilot test studies using IX and GAC.

From: Technology status to treat PFAS-contaminated water and limiting factors for their effective full-scale application

Fig. 5

a A groundwater treatment plant building pilot test equipment installed with 2 parallel pilot test process units IX and GAC, b the system is comprised of parallel GAC adsorption unit and AER adsorption unit, prior to entering the parallel GAC adsorption unit and AER adsorption units the feed was passed through a bag filter. The primary focus of the pilot research took place in column 1 and column 2 was to solely guarantee the effluent's quality, c two nanofiltration membranes were connected in series to treat PFAS contaminated raw water, additionally the raw water and membranes’ reject were subjected to GAC and AIX, d pilot with 24 vessels arranged in eight parallel columns, grey vessels were omitted from the study due to cost constraints38,47,48,174.

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