Fig. 5: Impact of co-existing ions on arsenic removal efficiency. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 5: Impact of co-existing ions on arsenic removal efficiency.

From: Symmetric anion exchange membranes enhance arsenic removal and overcome conductivity limitations in FCDI systems

Fig. 5

Final arsenic removal efficiency after 240 min of treatment in the presence of various co-existing ions (carbonate, sulfate, calcium, and potassium) at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 millimoles per liter). The results show the inhibitory effect of competing ions on arsenic removal. Experiments were conducted once (n = 1) to assess the performance under these specific conditions.

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