Extended Data Fig. 5: Stellar initial mass function (IMF).

The blue histogram shows the overall IMF, while the green histogram shows the IMF of singles that were in binaries at some point. The latter has a flatter slope above 0.3 M_⊙, as indicated by the power-law fits (dashed blue and green lines). The flatter slope is comparable to that of the IMF of all stars in the simulation (gray histogram). The dash-dotted orange histogram shows the IMF of singles that were in higher multiples, but not in binaries (indicating they are outer companions). The solid orange histogram shows the IMF of stars that were never in multiple systems.