Extended Data Fig. 1: Early evolution of orbital elements and masses for example binaries.

Early evolution of the semi-major axes (top), eccentricities (middle) for example binaries. When the binary is bound, the eccentricity and semi-major axis are a thick, brown line. If the stars’ are bound to other objects their orbital elements are thin orange or purple lines. For reference, we show the stars’ gravitational softening length as a horizontal gray line in the top panels. The bottom panels show the mass evolution for these binaries. The solid lines show the mass of each star and its halo, while the dashed lines show the masses of the stars alone.