Table 1 Annual mean FCO2 and SSTs in 2023 together with the respective anomalies relative to a linear trend baseline

From: Unexpected decline in the ocean carbon sink under record-high sea surface temperatures in 2023

Region

Biome

SST (°C)

FCO2 (mol m−2 yr−1)

FCO2 (Pg yr−1)

Absolute

Anomaly

Absolute

Anomaly

Absolute

Anomaly

North Atlantic

SPSS

+8.69 ± 0.06

+0.10 ± 0.03

−2.49 ± 0.06

+0.31 ± 0.17

−0.28 ± 0.02

+0.03 ± 0.02

STSS

+19.01 ± 0.03

+0.26 ± 0.03

−2.03 ± 0.08

+0.26 ± 0.11

−0.15 ± 0

+0.02 ± 0.01

STPS

+26.01 ± 0.06

+0.50 ± 0.05

−0.18 ± 0.03

+0.16 ± 0.02

−0.05 ± 0.01

+0.04 ± 0.01

Total

+20.61 ± 0.03

+0.36 ± 0.02

−1.05 ± 0.03

+0.21 ± 0.07

−0.47 ± 0.02

+0.10 ± 0.03

North Pacific

SPSS

+8.86 ± 0.07

+0.37 ± 0.04

−1.03 ± 0.21

+0.30 ± 0.34

−0.17 ± 0.04

+0.05 ± 0.06

STSS

+19.46 ± 0.03

+0.41 ± 0.04

−2.22 ± 0.14

+0.22 ± 0.05

−0.21 ± 0.01

+0.02 ± 0.01

STPS

+26.01 ± 0.03

0 ± 0.02

−0.40 ± 0.02

+0.06 ± 0.02

−0.21 ± 0.01

+0.03 ± 0.01

Total

+21.49 ± 0.01

+0.13 ± 0.01

−0.76 ± 0.06

+0.13 ± 0.09

−0.60 ± 0.05

+0.10 ± 0.07

Northern Hemisphere extratropics

 

+21.17 ± 0.02

+0.21 ± 0.01

−0.86 ± 0.05

+0.16 ± 0.08

−1.07 ± 0.06

+0.19 ± 0.1

Tropics

PEQU-E

+27.45 ± 0.08

+1.24 ± 0.07

+1.48 ± 0.29

−0.51 ± 0.35

+0.27 ± 0.05

−0.09 ± 0.06

PEQU-W

+29.57 ± 0.07

+0.04 ± 0.03

+0.21 ± 0.02

+0.03 ± 0.04

+0.03 ± 0

0 ± 0.01

AEQU

+27.56 ± 0.03

+0.27 ± 0.08

+0.22 ± 0.14

−0.09 ± 0.06

+0.02 ± 0.01

−0.01 ± 0.01

Equ. Ind.

+28.31 ± 0.03

+0.02 ± 0.05

+0.27 ± 0.10

−0.04 ± 0.03

+0.09 ± 0.04

−0.01 ± 0.01

Total

+28.28 ± 0.04

+0.34 ± 0.03

+0.53 ± 0.08

−0.14 ± 0.07

+0.41 ± 0.06

−0.11 ± 0.05

Southern Hemisphere extratropics

SA-STPS

+22.93 ± 0.03

+0.11 ± 0.04

−0.13 ± 0.10

0 ± 0.08

−0.03 ± 0.02

0 ± 0.02

SP-STPS

+22.29 ± 0.03

+0.11 ± 0.03

−0.33 ± 0.05

0 ± 0.04

−0.22 ± 0.04

0 ± 0.03

South. Ind.

+22.35 ± 0.03

+0.09 ± 0.09

−1.20 ± 0.05

+0.10 ± 0.06

−0.25 ± 0.01

+0.02 ± 0.01

SO-STSS

+13.15 ± 0.03

+0.25 ± 0.05

−1.96 ± 0.16

+0.18 ± 0.18

−0.69 ± 0.06

+0.06 ± 0.06

Total

+20.19 ± 0.02

+0.14 ± 0.04

−0.81 ± 0.07

+0.06 ± 0.08

−1.18 ± 0.10

+0.08 ± 0.11

Global non-polar

 

+22.35 ± 0.01

+0.21 ± 0.02

−0.53 ± 0.02

+0.05 ± 0.04

−1.84 ± 0.08

+0.17 ± 0.12

Polar

SO-SPSS

+3.84 ± 0.11

+0.13 ± 0.03

+0.07 ± 0.40

+0.26 ± 0.28

+0.02 ± 0.15

+0.10 ± 0.10

SO-ICE

−0.95 ± 0.07

+0.08 ± 0.03

−0.16 ± 0.09

+0.26 ± 0.14

−0.04 ± 0.03

+0.05 ± 0.03

Arctic

−0.16 ± 0.43

−0.08 ± 0.09

−1.47 ± 0.60

+0.26 ± 0.05

−0.14 ± 0.02

+0.03 ± 0.01

Global

+18.73 ± 0.02

+0.19 ± 0.01

−0.49 ± 0.07

+0.09 ± 0.06

−1.99 ± 0.25

+0.34 ± 0.25

  1. SST estimates are regional averages (°C), whereas FCO2 estimates are given both as regional integrals (PgC yr−1) and averages (mol m−2 yr−1). All estimates represent the mean ± standard deviation over four observation-based fCO2 products. The anomaly estimates in this table are also presented in Extended Data Fig. 4. The biomes are designated according to the map shown in Extended Data Fig. 2: SPSS, subpolar seasonally stratified; STSS, subtropical seasonally stratified; STPS, subtropical permanently stratified; PEQU-E, eastern equatorial Pacific; PEQU-W, western equatorial Pacific; AEQU, tropical Atlantic; Equ. Ind., tropical Indian Ocean; SA, South Atlantic; SP, South Pacific; South. Ind., southern Indian Ocean; SO, Southern Ocean; ICE, marginal sea ice.
Back to article page