Extended Data Fig. 3: Boreal forests with high tree cover experienced extensive resilience declines.

(a) Land cover across the ABoVE core domain in 2000. (b) Tree cover fraction across the ABoVE core domain in 2003 from MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 250 m SIN Grid (MOD44B v006). The year 2003 instead of 2000 is used for better data quality as MODIS/Terra began broadcasting data in April 2000. (c) Tree cover across pixels where vegetation resilience significantly increased (R + ), decreased (R-), or did not show a significant trend (R-NS) during 2000–2019. The green dots indicate mean values, and the error bars indicate standard deviations of tree cover across pixels showing R+ (n = 22,090,216), R-NS (n = 3,469,461), and R- (n = 14,079,533). (d) The relative frequency of reduced and enhanced resilience across pixels with tree cover binned at 1% increments, with blue and red lines showing R+ and R-, respectively.