Extended Data Fig. 5: Removal of thumb landmarks affects perceived ecological adaptation within the bat wing.

(a) Normalized effect size of integration between transformed roosting ecology, bat gross wing proportions, handwing proportions, and the allometric residual of handwing size. Black: results when thumb landmarks are removed. (b) Normalized effect size of integration between transformed flight-style variety and bat morphological parameters. Effect-sizes computed within 100 randomly generated cohorts of n=100 bat species. Total available specimens n=111 bat species. The \(Z/\,\sqrt[]{n}=0.17\) isopleth (dashed) typically represents the lower bound of significance at an α=0.05 level. Solid envelopes represent significant relationships at the α=0.05 level, while dotted lines indicate non-significance. Illustrations A.O. 2024.