Fig. 1: Population structure across worldwide populations of white clover.

a, NGSadmix ancestries mapped across worldwide sampling. Each pie chart within map inserts reflects the average ancestries (K = 3) from a given wild population with orange, purple and green corresponding to different ancestries. Cultivars are not included. Numbers represent each population; normal typeset indicates population have >30 samples, italics indicates a population has <10 samples. b, Barplots depict ancestry output from the most likely K value (K = 3) for 2,660 individuals. Individuals are organized along the x axis by population sorted by continent, longitude and ancestry values. Numbers above barplots indicate populations from the above map. c, PCA visualizing population structure across ranges. Colour and shape indicate geographic location of each population as shown in the legend. Insert amplifies area of overlap between native and introduced populations. Numbers refer to populations from a and b. The ‘Spain’ point refers to samples from four cities with limited population structure.