Extended Data Fig. 1: Vocalization spectrograms.
From: Learned use of an innate sound-meaning association in birds
Representative spectrograms of vocalizations of 26 species, grouped by family, included in the study produced in response to either predators or brood parasites. Top row, from left: brown thornbill (Acanthiza chrysorrhoa), fan-tailed gerygone (Gerygone flavolateralis), white-browed scrubwren (Sericornis frontalis), great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), common tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius), rufescent prinia (Prinia rufescens), tawny-flankd prinia (Prinia subflava), purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus), superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus), variegated fairy-wren (Malurus lamberti), yellow-faced honeyeater (Caligavis chrysops), brown honeyeater (Lichmera indistincta), noisy friarbird (Philemon corniculatus). Bottom row, from left: chalk-browed mockingbird (Mimus saturninus), yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia), Hume’s leaf warbler (Phylloscopus humei), Ijima’s leaf warbler (Phylloscopus ijimae), western crowned warbler (Phylloscopus occipitalis), buff-barred warbler (Phylloscopus pulcher), mountain chiffchaff (Phylloscopus sindianus), greenish warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides), willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), Japanese leaf warbler (Phylloscopus xanthodryas), grey-hooded warbler (Phylloscopus xanthoschistos), grey fantail (Rhipidura albiscapa). Color above spectrograms denote vocalization type as in Fig. 1 in the main text. Green: alarm; blue: ‘whining’; yellow: ‘seet’; ‘red’: no unique vocalization.
