Fig. 2: High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy of Ni@C-MoOx.

a, Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image of the Ni@C-MoOx catalyst. b–e, Annular dark field (ADF)-STEM images and EELS elemental maps of Ni (red), Mo (yellow) and O (green) in the Ni@C-MoOx catalyst. f–i, ADF-STEM image of a typical Ni nanoparticle and the corresponding interface of the Ni@C-MoOx; the red dashed circle shows the Ni nanoparticle core, the yellow dashed circle shows the C-MoOx nanofilm shell. j, Intensity profiles along the cyan lines in rectangular regions 1 and 2 shown in i.