Fig. 4: The effect on production costs and proportions of cost on varying different production costs.
From: Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries
a, Li2CO3 (the grey area depicts the Li2CO3 price variation between February 2023 and February 2024, with dashed line price used in this techno-economic assessment)43,45. b, Processing Li2CO3 (the grey area depicts the projected processing Li2CO3 global price variation (see ‘Lithium cost’ in Methods), with the dashed line price used in this techno-economic assessment). c, Electricity prices (the grey area depicts the UK electricity price between November 2021 and 2023, while the dashed line represents the 2 year average of the United Kingdom, France and Germany)44. d, CO2 emissions of electricity supply if carbon emissions are going to be offset at a cost of €1,000 tonne−1 (the dashed line representing the UK CO2 emissions and the grey bands representing the extremes of national carbon intensity shown in Supplementary Fig. 8)46 for 17 µm lithium metal anodes.
