Fig. 5: The combined effect of purified lithium and electricity prices on 17 µm lithium metal anode production costs.
From: Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries

US$2.08 m−2 represents the cost needed to match 2022 Li-ion anode costs, US$8.69 m−2 represents the cost needed to match 2013 Li-ion anode costs, and US$4.30 m−2 represents the cost calculated using average western European electricity prices and the projected cost to purify (in the United Kingdom) and purchase Li2CO3 at November 2023 market price.