The rise of oxygen in the early Earth’s atmosphere remains enigmatic in its timing and extent. Insights from thallium isotopes in Archean shales suggest that it may have experienced flips in oxygenation on a global scale prior to 2.5 billion years ago.
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Kasting, J. Oscillating Archean oxygen oases. Nat. Geosci. 18, 372–373 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01690-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01690-8
