Fig. 4: Predicted contemporary glacial erosion rates displayed on a near-global scale.

a, Global variability in predicted glacial erosion rates for RGI²⁵ regions. Owing to incomplete surface velocity and ice thickness data necessary to predict glacial erosion rates, all glaciers in Antarctica (part of RGI region 19) are excluded. b–d, Regional variability in predicted glacial erosion rates in the southern Andes (RGI region 17; b), Alaska, western Canada and northwestern USA (RGI zones 1 and 2; c), and South and Central Asia (RGI zones 13, 14 and 15; d). Grid cells are assigned based on the most-frequent erosion rate value, as classified in the key, within each cell (100-km pixels for a; 50-km pixels for b–d). Basemaps from Natural Earth (https://www.naturalearthdata.com).