Extended Data Fig. 6: Neural crest is electrically sensitive to applied and endogenous electric fields ex vivo and in vivo.
From: Stretch-induced endogenous electric fields drive directed collective cell migration in vivo
a, Genetically encoded voltage indicator Marina-T2A-lyn-mCherry (GEVI Marina) construct. b, GEVI Marina signals is normalized to the membrane marker mCherry, which is encoded by the same construct. c, In vivo confocal projection of an embryo expressing GEVI Marina in the neural crest (fire lookup table). Scale bar, 150 μm. Orange square and arrow indicate the region from where images in f–h were taken. d, Ex vivo confocal projections of neural crest clusters expressing both GEVI Marina (fire lookup table) and membrane as well as nuclear mCherry (gray scale). Conditions as indicated (electric field of 100 mV mm−1). Scale bar 50 μm. e, Quantification of the normalized fluorescence intensity (electric field of 100 mV mm−1). Red lines represent mean and error bars standard deviation. Two-tailed Student’s t-test with Welch’s correction, ****p < 0.0001, nNo EF = 22 and nEF = 40 cells. f–h, In vivo confocal projections of embryos expressing GEVI Marina in the neural crest (fire lookup table) and membrane as well as nuclear mCherry (gray scale). Conditions as indicated (electric field of 100 mV mm−1). Scale bar, 30 μm. Projections are neural crest leading edges from a region similar to the indicated with an orange square in c. i, Quantification of the normalized fluorescence intensity (electric field of 100 mV mm−1). One-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparisons test, ****p < 0.0001 for both comparisons, nwild type endogenous EF = 14, nDshDEP+-no endogenous EF = 13, and napplied EF = 14 membranes. Red lines represent mean and error bars standard deviation. c,d,f,g,h, Representative confocal projections from three independent experiments; CI = 95%.
