Fig. 2: Electric fields emerge from PCP-dependent neural fold membrane stretching to guide dCCM in vivo.
From: Stretch-induced endogenous electric fields drive directed collective cell migration in vivo
a, Scheme of DshDEP+ neural-fold-targeted injection and laser ablation. b, Recoil velocity plots. The red lines represent the mean and the error bars, the standard deviation; two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction; ****P < 0.0001; nControl = 21, nDshDEP+ = 19 membranes. c,d, Scheme (c) and plot (d) of vibrating probe measurement in DshDEP+-treated embryos. The solid lines represent the mean and the shade, the standard errors. Paired t-test, **P = 0.0019, n = 14 embryos. Reference probe was away from the embryo. e,f, Scheme (e) and plot (f) of electric current measurements in embryos treated with GsMTx4 (5 µM). The solid line represents the mean and the shade, the standard errors. Two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs test of time-matched treatments, ****P < 0.0001, n = 6 embryos. g, Neural crest graft assays. h,i, Time-colour-coded neural crest trajectories in vivo (lateral view). Scale bar, 200 μm. j, FMI. The red lines represent the median and the error bars, the interquartile ranges. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test, ****P < 0.0001, nControl = 36, nDshDEP+ = 25 cells. k, Percentage of embryos displaying streams. The bars represent the mean and the error bars, the standard deviations. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test, ***P = 0.0002, nControl = 19, nDshDEP+ = 18 embryos. h,i, Representative examples from at least three independent experiments; CI = 95%.
