Fig. 4: Application of parallel electric fields rescues PCP-dependent impaired migration in vivo.
From: Stretch-induced endogenous electric fields drive directed collective cell migration in vivo
a,b, Schemes of DshDEP+ neural-fold-targeted injection (a) and parallel EF (100 mV mm−1) application (b) in embryos. c,d, In situ hybridization (lateral views) against sox8 showing the results of the indicated treatments: no parallel EFs (c) and parallel EFs (100 mV mm−1) (d). Scale bar, 200 μm. e, Percentage of embryos displaying streams. The bars represent the mean and the error bars, the standard deviations. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test: ****PControl vs. DshDEP < 0.0001; PControl vs. DshDEP + EFs = 0.1176; **PDshDEP vs. DshDEP + EFs = 0.008; ****PControl vs. DshDEP + Xl-Vsp1-C301S + EFs < 0.0001; **PDshDEP + EFs vs. DshDEP + Xl-Vsp1-C301S + EFs = 0.0058; ****PControl vs. DshDEP + Vsp1-Cas13 + EFs < 0.0001; **PDshDEP + EFs vs. DshDEP + Xl-Vsp1-Cas13 + EFs = 0.0083. f, Normalized stream displacement. The red lines represent the mean and the error bars, the standard deviation. Two-tailed Student’s t-test: ***PControl vs. DshDEP = 0.0002; PControl vs. DshDEP + EFs = 0.0570; ****PDshDEP+ vs. DshDEP + EFs < 0.0001; **PControl vs. DshDEP + Xl-Vsp1-C301S + EFs = 0.0052; ***PDshDEP+ + EFs vs. DshDEP + Xl-Vsp1-C301S + EFs = 0.0004; **PControl vs. DshDEP + Vsp1-Cas13 + EFs = 0.0074; **PDshDEP + EFs vs. DshDEP + Xl-Vsp1-Cas13 + EFs = 0.0013; nControl = 43, nDshDEP+ = 46, nDshDEP+ + EFs = 22, nDshDEP+ + Xl-Vsp1-C301S + EFs = 20, nDshDEP+ + Xl-Vsp1-Cas13 + EFs = 17 embryos. c,d, Representative examples from at least three independent experiments; CI = 95%. g, Schematic summarizing the mechanism of neural crest collective electrotaxis in vivo: PCP-driven membrane stretch allows for ion mobilization in the neural fold. This, in addition to physiological inward currents in the flanking non-neural ectoderm, allows the establishment of an electric field along the migratory path of neural crest cells (cyan). Then, the activity of Vsp1 is required in the neural crest to specifically transduce these electric stimuli into dCCM. SACs, stretch-activated channels.
