Extended Data Fig. 5: Estimation of membrane tension and DshDEP+ controls.
From: Stretch-induced endogenous electric fields drive directed collective cell migration in vivo
a, Scheme of laser ablations in the neural fold and flank ectoderm. b, Tension estimated from the neural fold and in the flank ectoderm, stages as indicated. Red lines represent mean and error bars standard deviation. Two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction, ****pNeuralFoldStage13 vs. NeuralFoldStage17 < 0.0001, two-tailed t-test ****pNeuralFoldStage17 vs. FlankEctoderm < 0.0001, nNeuralFoldStage13= 15 nNeuralFoldStage17 = 20, nFlankEctoderm = 17 cell membranes. Scale bar, 15 μm. c, Representative images of the neural fold membrane recoil velocity as a readout of stored tension (stages and treatments as indicated). Membrane tension was estimated from the recoil velocity of the membrane junctions (red dots) that were adjacent to the ablation point (red arrowhead). d, Scheme of neural fold-targeted injection. e, Neural fold-tagged embryo with membrane GFP (green) at stage 17 on the left (neural crest, cyan). Red dashed line shows the transverse plane of a cryosection presented in the right panel; DshDEP+ and membrane GFP (green) distribution can be detected mostly in the neural fold. Scale bar, 200 μm. AP, anteroposterior; nf, neural fold; np, neural plate; nc, neural crest; nt, notochord. f, Lateral views of representative embryos displaying in situ hybridisations against sox8, a neural crest marker. Scale bar, 200 μm. Representative examples from at least three independent experiments; CI = 95%.
