Fig. 1: Fetal microbiota from patient with HCC promotes HCC in both germ-free and SPF mice with DEN treatment.
a, Design of FMT experiment for DEN-treated germ-free mice (GFD/PBS group n = 8; GFD/HD-FMT group n = 16; GFD/LC-FMT group n = 17; GFD/HCC-FMT group n = 15) and relevant results (b–e). b, Representative images of liver gross morphology (dashed yellow circles indicate tumour) with tumour incidence, tumour number and tumour burden. n = 8 (GFD/PBS), 16 (GFD/HD-FMT), 17 (GFD/LC-FMT) and 15 (GFD/HCC-FMT) mice. c, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for PCNA and Ki-67. n = 6 biologically independent samples. d, Mouse cancer pathway finder array of liver tissues. e, Mouse inflammatory response and autoimmunity PCR array of liver tissues. In d and e, n = 3 independent experiments with similar results. f, Design of FMT experiment for DEN-treated SPF mice (SPFD/PBS group n = 20; SPFD/HD-FMT group n = 16; SPFD/LC-FMT group n = 16; SPFD/HCC-FMT group n = 16) and relevant results (g–j). g, Representative images of liver gross morphology (yellow circles indicate tumour) with tumour incidence, tumour number and tumour burden. n = 20 (SPFD/PBS), 16 (SPFD/HD-FMT), 16 (SPFD/LC-FMT), 16 (SPFD/HCC-FMT). h, IHC staining for PCNA and Ki-67. n = 6 biologically independent samples. i, Mouse cancer pathway finder array of liver tissues. n = 3 biologically independent samples of each group were mixed for assay. j, Mouse inflammatory response and autoimmunity PCR array of liver tissues. In i and j, n = 3 independent experiments with similar results. In b,c,g,h, data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Each data point in bar plots represents one mouse. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA. Adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.
