Extended Data Fig. 5: HCC patient fecal microbiota impairs gut barrier function, induces intestinal inflammation, and promotes bacteria translocation into liver in germ-free mice with or without DEN treatment.
(a) Gut permeability assays using 500 kDa FITC-dextran, CLDN 3 and CLDN 1 IHC staining of germ-free mice without DEN. n=6 biologically independent samples. (b) Gut permeability assays using 500 kDa FITC-dextran, CLDN 3 and CLDN 1 IHC staining of germ-free mice with DEN. n=6 biologically independent samples. (c) Mouse Inflammatory Response and Autoimmunity PCR Array of colon tissues. n=3 independent experiments with similar results. (d) Colon Th1, Th17, and Th2 cells in germ-free mice without DEN was evaluated by flow cytometry. n=3 biologically independent samples. (e) Workflow of fresh liver homogenate preparation for bacteria culture. (f) PBS contamination control used in tissues bacteria culture experiment. (g) Cy3-conjugated EUB338 probe FISH detection of liver tissues. n=6 biologically independent samples. Data (excluding PCR array result) are presented as mean ± SEM. Each data point in bar plots represents one mouse. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA. Adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.
