Extended Data Fig. 9: Influence of P2Y11 antagonists on Shigella infection in epithelial cells and macrophage.
a, Effect of P2Y11 antagonists (suramin, NF449 and NF157) on Shigella adhesion in the absence or presence of 2 μM HD5 (n = 4). b, Influence of suramin, NF449, NF157 on the invasion efficiency of Sf301 in non-polarized CACO-2 cells in the presence of 2 μM HD5 for 30 min (n = 4). Adhesion is defined as the total number (colony-forming unit, CFU) of CACO-2 cell-associated bacteria after 10-minute centrifuge. Invasion is expressed as the CFU of intracellular bacteria in CACO-2 cells in the next 30 min. Invasion efficiency is presented as ratio of invasion/adhesion. c, Fluorescence microscopy analysis examination of NF157 on cytoskeleton of PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells in the presence of 2 μM HD5. F-actin is red, P2Y11 is green and nuclei are blue (DAPI). The bar represents 10 μm. d, Influence of NF157 on the adhesion and invasion efficiency of Shigella in PMA-differentiated THP-1cells in the presence or absence of 2 μM HD5 (n = 6). Data are presented as mean±s.d. (a, b, d). Significance was determined by a one-way ANOVA (Dunnett’ s multiple comparison Test for a, b and Tukey’ s multiple comparison Test for d), and indicated as the p value. ns: no signification, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001. All results are representative of at least three independent experiments.
