Fig. 3: Outcome of JE/YF17D or YF17D challenge infection.

a, Viral RNA AUC after JE/YF17D vaccination (n = 17) versus JE/YF17D challenge (n = 16). b, Viral RNA AUC after YF17D primary vaccination (n = 16) or YF17D challenge (n = 17). c, Proportion of vaccinees with detectable RNAaemia after vaccination (upper panels) and after challenge (lower panels). d,e, Kinetics of neutralizing antibody titres (PRNT₅₀) against JE SA 14-14-2 28 days after the JE/YF17D challenge (n = 16) (d) and against YF17D after the YF17D challenge (n = 17) (e). The grey arrows indicate the timepoint of the challenge infection. f, Comparison between neutralizing antibody titres (PRNT₅₀) against JE SA 14-14-2 28 days after the primary JE/YF17D vaccination (n = 17) and the JE/YF17D challenge infection (n = 16). g, Comparison between neutralizing antibody titres (PRNT₅₀) against YF17D 28 days after the primary YF17D vaccination (n = 16) and the YF17D challenge infection (n = 17). For d–g, the black dashed lines indicate a minimum serum dilution of 1:20. PRNT₅₀ titres <1:20 were conservatively considered to be 1:10. The pink dashed lines indicate seroconversion defined as a fourfold or greater increase in PRNT₅₀ titres from 1:10 to 1:40. h, Proportion of vaccinees in each arm who experienced systemic symptoms after vaccination (upper panels) and after challenge (lower panels). The dots or circles represent individual vaccinees. The black horizontal bars represent the mean. n represents the number of biological replicates. P values were calculated with a one-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. NS, not significant.

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