Fig. 5: Mutations of E and NS2A from 17D attenuate YFVs in vivo.
From: Amino acid changes in two viral proteins drive attenuation of the yellow fever 17D vaccine

a, Workflow of mouse challenge experiments. Illustration generated with figures from the NIAID NIH BIOART source. b,c, Survival of Ifnar1−/− mice infected with 17D (n = 16) or 17D chimaeras (n = 8 each) (b) and Dakar (n = 8) or Dakar chimaeras (n = 8 each) (c). Mice were monitored daily for 15 days for clinical signs. d, Representative images of liver sections stained with DAPI, anti-human FAH, anti-YFV-NS4B and anti-ISG15 at 3 days post infection (n = 3 mice). Scale bar, 100 μm. e, Correlation between NS4B and ISG15 expression in human (FAH-positive) cells. Scatterplot showing the percentage of NS4B+/FAH+ cells (x axis) versus ISG15+/FAH+ cells (y axis) of individual samples. Each dot represents an individual sample, colour-coded by experimental group. Quantification was performed across the whole slide section (n = 3). Asibi or Dakar-[17D-Ens], 17D E segment with only non-synonymous mutations compared to Asibi; 17D-[Asibi-Ens], Asibi E segment with only non-synonymous mutations compared to 17D. All other chimaeras include synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in the indicated genomic areas. log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test for pairwise comparison to 17D (b) or Dakar (c) as coloured.