Fig. 4: X-ray detection and imaging.

a, Attenuation coefficient of different commercial semiconductors and perovskite single crystals. b, SNR dependent on the X-ray dose rate for the CsFA, CsFAGA and CsFAGA:Sr detectors, and the error bars are given according to variations in the current signal. The LoD of 7.09 nGyair s−1 is derived from the fitting line with an SNR of 3. c, Sensitivity of X-ray detectors under different electric fields. d, Comparison of the sensitivity and LoD of representative X-ray detectors with different operating voltages: a-Se (ref. 5), CsFAMA (ref. 14), FAPbBr3 (ref. 55), MA3Bi2I9 (ref. 56), Cs2AgBiBr6 (ref. 57), MAPbBr3–xClx (ref. 58), GAMAPbI3 (ref. 59). e, Operational stability test of the CsFAGA:Sr detector. f, Prototype of a portable X-ray monitor, powered by a button cell with an electric field of 1 V cm−1 for X-ray detection. g, Schematic of the X-ray imaging system. h, X-ray image of a bank card.