Extended Data Fig. 4: Imaged far-field profiles \(S(\overrightarrow{k})\) (over a 0.9 numerical aperture) for each device in an 8 × 8 array of inverse designed (top) and grating-coupled (bottom) L3 PhC cavities.
From: A full degree-of-freedom spatiotemporal light modulator

The extracted zero-order efficiencies η0 and standard deviations are also provided.