Fig. 1: Principle, optical layout and reconstruction process of 3D-MP-SIM.
a, Schematic illustration of capturing different depths that are evenly spaced along the axial direction within the sample. b,c, 3D spectra of 3D-MP-SIM (b) and 3D-SIM (c) raw data (first row), where the colours indicate aliased frequency components and their corresponding axial cross-sections (second row). With the pattern vectors of 3D-MP-SIM and 3D-SIM (third row), their components are shifted to their original positions. Finally, the laterally and axially extended super-resolution spectra are assembled (fourth row). kz, axial vector; kxy, lateral vector. d, Optical set-up for 3D-MP-SIM (see Methods for a detailed description). AOTF, acoustic-optical tunable filter; HWP, half-wave plate; PBS, polarizing beamsplitter; L1–L8, lenses; M1–M3, mirrors; QWP, quarter-wave plate; OBJ, objective; FW, filter wheel. e, Reconstruction pipeline: the process begins with subpixel registration, followed by transforming the raw images into the frequency domain and separating the components using a two-step method. Next, the illumination parameters are estimated, and the separated spectra are shifted back to their original positions. Finally, a Wiener filter is applied to merge the spectra, achieving a super-resolution reconstruction. Δz, axial phase shift; U, upper; L, lower; Dir, direction; IFFT, inverse fast Fourier transform.
