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Towards efficient, scalable and stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Nature Photonics volume 19, pages 913–924 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) have emerged as a promising technology for photovoltaic energy harvesting and have already exceeded the limits of traditional single-junction solar cells. Despite recent power conversion efficiency values nearing 35%, perovskite/silicon TSCs still exhibit a considerable efficiency deficit relative to their theoretical upper limit. Scientific and technological challenges related to the long-term operational stability and scalability must also be addressed for this technology to be commercialized. This Review provides an overview of state-of-the-art perovskite/silicon TSCs with particular attention to three key areas: efficiency, stability and scalability. The Review concludes with a critical overview of the remaining challenges and future perspectives for the further development of this technology.

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Fig. 1: Device configurations, working mechanism and efficiency evolution of perovskite/Si TSCs.
Fig. 2: Electrical and optical losses in perovskite/Si TSCs.
Fig. 3: Progress towards scalable fabrication of large-area perovskite/Si tandems.
Fig. 4: Operational stability of perovskite/Si TSCs.

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Acknowledgements

G.Y. acknowledges funding support from the start-up fund provided by PolyU (1-BEBB), PRI strategic Grant (1-CDJ7), RISE strategic Grant (U-CDCC) and RIAM critical-mass strategic fund (1-CDLF). G.L. acknowledges the financial support from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (project numbers 15307922, C7018-20G and C4005-22Y), the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission (ITF-TCFS GHP/380/22GD), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (the Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund (8-8480), PRI strategic Grant (1-CD7X), and RISE strategic Grant (Q-CDBK). This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (52302333), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023A1515012788) and Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20221101093647058, ZDSYS20210706144000003).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Guang Yang, Chunyan Deng, Chongwen Li.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonic Research Institute (PRI), Research Institute of Smart Energy (RISE), Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing (RIAM), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

    Guang Yang, Tao Zhu & Gang Li

  2. Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China

    Chunyan Deng & Yang Bai

  3. Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

    Chunyan Deng & Yang Bai

  4. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Chongwen Li

  5. Beijing Huairou Laboratory, Beijing, China

    Dachang Liu

  6. Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China

    Qi Chen

  7. Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Jinsong Huang

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Yang, G., Deng, C., Li, C. et al. Towards efficient, scalable and stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Nat. Photon. 19, 913–924 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-025-01732-y

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