Extended Data Fig. 2: Setup of ADW droplet microfluidics.

a, The integrated transducer has four functional layers, including a 50×50 electrode array, a piezoelectric ceramic, a ground electrode, and an acoustic impedance matching layer. b, Schematics illustrating the layout of ADW droplet microfluidics. The integrated transducer is bonded to the driving board through anisotropic conductive film (ACF); the solid substrate (petri dish), over which the droplet sits, is placed on the water at a distance of L away from the acoustic device. Not drawn to scale, for clarity. c, Setup of ADW droplet microfluidics. The acoustic device is placed at the bottom of the water tank atop the driving board; the driving board is controlled by wave modulation unit to output 2500-channel 2.32 MHz electrical square waves, whose phases are separately modulated; two cameras are orthogonally mounted to view the droplet; the top camera is used to localized the droplet in XY-plane for acoustic beam focusing; the lateral camera is used to measure the droplet contact angle; the system is fixed on a vibration-isolation plate.