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Vibrio spp. infections

Nature Reviews Disease Primers volume 4, pages 1–19 (2018)Cite this article

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An Author Correction to this article was published on 19 February 2021

Abstract

Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous bacteria found in a wide variety of aquatic and marine habitats; of the >100 described Vibrio spp., ~12 cause infections in humans. Vibrio cholerae can cause cholera, a severe diarrhoeal disease that can be quickly fatal if untreated and is typically transmitted via contaminated water and person-to-person contact. Non-cholera Vibrio spp. (for example, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus) cause vibriosis — infections normally acquired through exposure to sea water or through consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. Non-cholera bacteria can lead to several clinical manifestations, most commonly mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis, with the exception of V. vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen with a high mortality that causes wound infections that can rapidly lead to septicaemia. Treatment for Vibrio spp. infection largely depends on the causative pathogen: for example, rehydration therapy for V. cholerae infection and debridement of infected tissues for V. vulnificus-associated wound infections, with antibiotic therapy for severe cholera and systemic infections. Although cholera is preventable and effective oral cholera vaccines are available, outbreaks can be triggered by natural or man-made events that contaminate drinking water or compromise access to safe water and sanitation. The incidence of vibriosis is rising, perhaps owing in part to the spread of Vibrio spp. favoured by climate change and rising sea water temperature.

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Fig. 1: A unifying theme of Vibrio spp.
Fig. 2: Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic spread.
Fig. 3: Foodborne infections reported in the United States.
Fig. 4: Pathogenesis of cholera in humans.
Fig. 5: Vibrio vulnificus wound infection.
Fig. 6: Effect of climate change on Vibrio spp. infections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, UK

    Craig Baker-Austin & Jaime Martinez-Urtaza

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA

    James D. Oliver

  3. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA

    James D. Oliver

  4. icddr,b, formerly known as the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Munirul Alam & Firdausi Qadri

  5. Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health & Health Professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute (EPI), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Afsar Ali

  6. Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Matthew K. Waldor

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Introduction (C.B.-A.); Epidemiology (A.A., M.A. and J.M.-U.); Mechanisms/pathophysiology (J.D.O. and M.K.W.); Diagnosis, screening and prevention (J.D.O. and F.Q.); Management (J.D.O. and F.Q.); Quality of life (M.A. and C.B.-A.); Outlook (A.A., C.B.-A. and J.M.-U.); Overview of Primer (C.B.-A.).

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Baker-Austin, C., Oliver, J.D., Alam, M. et al. Vibrio spp. infections. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4, 1–19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0005-8

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