Table 3 Selected studies that provide data on the utilization of HCC surveillance in cirrhosis
From: Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance — utilization, barriers and the impact of changing aetiology
Study | Study period | Location | Study setting | Study population | Utilization of surveillance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical cohorts with data verified by chart review | |||||
Mohammed et al.190 | 2007–2009 | USA | Tertiary centre | 369 patients with cirrhosis (alcohol 32%, NAFLD 23%, HCV 21%) | 14% underwent surveillance scans every 6 months |
Signorelli et al.191 | 2012–2014 | Brazil | A tertiary centre and a private centre | 253 patients with cirrhosis (alcohol 37.9%, HBV 13.8%) | 6.3% received an ultrasound every 6 months |
Tran et al.34 | 2001–2015 | USA | Tertiary centre | 2,366 patients with HCV cirrhosis | 24.4% adhered to imaging every 6 months and 44% to imaging at least every 12 months |
Administrative data base studies | |||||
Palmer et al.192 | 2006–2007 | USA | Data from an insurance claims data base | 5,061 patients with cirrhosis (alcohol 59%, HCV 30%, HBV 4%) | 26% underwent at least one imaging test over 15 months |
Goldberg et al.33 | 2008–2010 | USA | Data from the Veterans Health Administration | 26,577 patients with cirrhosis (HCV, alcohol or a combination in >80% of included patients) | Up-to-date with ultrasound for HCC surveillance 17.8% of the time (mean for all patients) |
Davila et al.32 | 1998–2005 | USA | Data from the Veterans Health Administration | 13,002 patients with HCV cirrhosis | 12% received routine surveillance (ultrasound and AFP levels during at least 2 consecutive years in the 4 years after cirrhosis diagnosis) |
Yeo et al.36 | 2007–2016 | USA | Nationwide administrative claims data base | 82,427 patients with cirrhosis (viral hepatitis 2.1%; NAFLD 6.9%; alcohol 2.8%; others 88.2%) | 8.8% received surveillance every 6–12 months |
Singal et al.193 | 2010–2012 | USA | Integrated health-care delivery system in Washington State | 1,137 patients with cirrhosis (HCV 28.9%, NASH 28.7%) | 2% received surveillance every 6 months, 33% received ≥1 ultrasound during the 2-year follow-up period |
Nguyen et al.35 | 2013–2019 | USA | Nationwide administrative claims data | 15,543 patients with cirrhosis (NASH 38.2%, HCV 29.1%, alcohol 27.3%) | Patients were up-to-date with recommended surveillance for only 31% (days covered/days of follow-up) of a median 1.3-year follow-up (any abdominal imaging was considered to provide 6 months of days covered) |
Chang et al.194 | 2000–2015 | Taiwan | National health insurance data base | 4,641 patients with HCV cirrhosis | 14% adhered to annual HCC surveillance (abdominal ultrasound and AFP test) during the follow-up period |
