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Electronic and quantum properties of organic two-dimensional crystals

Nature Reviews Materials volume 10, pages 147–166 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Organic two-dimensional crystals (O2DCs) are a class of synthetic layered materials, typically constructed from π-conjugated building blocks, that show extended in-plane π-conjugation and/or interlayer electronic couplings. They are synthesized either directly as monolayer to few-layer nanosheets or as bulk crystals that can be exfoliated. O2DCs display customizable topological structures and layer-dependent physical attributes, offering a versatile material platform for exploring intriguing electronic and quantum phenomena. In this Review, we discuss the structure–property relationships and synthetic strategies of O2DCs, with particular emphasis on their unique electronic structures, charge transport properties and the emergence of quantum states, such as topological and superconducting phases, alongside different spin states. Furthermore, we highlight emerging device applications of O2DCs across electronics, optoelectronics and spintronics. Finally, we provide an outlook on the persistent challenges in synthetic chemistry, physics and materials science that must be addressed to further advance this field.

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Fig. 1: Design principles of organic two-dimensional crystals and chemical approaches to tune their electronic structures.
Fig. 2: Schematics of different synthetic protocols.
Fig. 3: Electronic structures of organic two-dimensional crystals.
Fig. 4: Charge transport in organic two-dimensional crystals.
Fig. 5: Quantum states in organic two-dimensional crystals.
Fig. 6: Device applications of organic two-dimensional crystals.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by an ERC Consolidator Grant (T2DCP, no. 819698) and DFG projects (2D polyanilines, no. 426572620; GRK2861, no. 491865171; and CRC 1415, Chemistry of Synthetic Two-Dimensional Materials, no. 417590517). The authors thank P. L. Koko and R. Zhao for providing the energy levels in Fig. 1b,f.

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  1. Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Zhiyong Wang, Mingchao Wang & Xinliang Feng

  2. Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Zhiyong Wang, Mingchao Wang, Thomas Heine & Xinliang Feng

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Wang, Z., Wang, M., Heine, T. et al. Electronic and quantum properties of organic two-dimensional crystals. Nat Rev Mater 10, 147–166 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-024-00740-8

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