Fig. 4: Outcomes of PO-AKI and PO-AKD.

Postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is associated with an increased risk of short-term adverse outcomes, including need for dialysis, cardiovascular events, lung injury, delirium and infection. These adverse effects can in turn lead to increased long-term morbidity and mortality. Adapted from Acute Disease Quality Initiative 24, www.ADQI.org, CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).