Literature about prostate cancer in transgender women is growing, but many questions remain unanswered. Unique challenges exist in the identification of transgender women that can slow or even impair research advances in this field. Reframing our thinking about the identification of this population is imperative to help advance both research and clinical care.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$189.00 per year
only $15.75 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Wolfe, H. L. et al. Validating data-driven methods for identifying transgender individuals in the Veterans Health Administration of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Am. J. Epidemiol. 190, 1928–1934 (2021).
Nik-Ahd, F. et al. Seeing the unseen: how can we best identify transgender women within the Veterans Affairs healthcare system’s electronic medical record? J. Sex. Med. 20, 559–567 (2023).
Blosnich, J. R. et al. Using clinician text notes in electronic medical record data to validate transgender-related diagnosis codes. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 25, 905–908 (2018).
Nik-Ahd, F. et al. Prostate cancer in transgender women in the Veterans Affairs Health System, 2000-2022. JAMA 329, 1877–1879 (2023).
World Health Organization. ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: tenth revision (WHO, 2004).
World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, eleventh revision (ICD-11) (WHO, 2019).
Seelman, K. L. et al. Transgender noninclusive healthcare and delaying care because of fear: connections to general health and mental health among transgender adults. Transgend. Health 2, 17–28 (2017).
Nik-Ahd, F. et al. Prostate cancer is not just a man’s concern — the use of PSA screening in transgender women. Nat. Rev. Urol. 20, 323–324 (2023).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nik-Ahd, F., Anger, J.T., Cooperberg, M.R. et al. Prostate cancer in transgender women — challenges in research and clinical care. Nat Rev Urol 22, 328–329 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-024-00966-9
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-024-00966-9