Abstract
Two-terminal monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells demonstrate huge advantages in power conversion efficiency compared with their respective single-junction counterparts1,2. However, suppressing interfacial recombination at the wide-bandgap perovskite/electron transport layer interface, without compromising its superior charge transport performance, remains a substantial challenge for perovskite/silicon tandem cells3,4. By exploiting the nanoscale discretely distributed lithium fluoride ultrathin layer followed by an additional deposition of diammonium diiodide molecule, we have devised a bilayer-intertwined passivation strategy that combines efficient electron extraction with further suppression of non-radiative recombination. We constructed perovskite/silicon tandem devices on a double-textured Czochralski-based silicon heterojunction cell, which featured a mildly textured front surface and a heavily textured rear surface, leading to simultaneously enhanced photocurrent and uncompromised rear passivation. The resulting perovskite/silicon tandem achieved an independently certified stabilized power conversion efficiency of 33.89%, accompanied by an impressive fill factor of 83.0% and an open-circuit voltage of nearly 1.97 V. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first reported certified efficiency of a two-junction tandem solar cell exceeding the single-junction Shockley–Queisser limit of 33.7%.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by LONGi Central R&D Institute, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2023YFB4202505); Two-chain Integration Key Program of Shaanxi Province (no. 2023-LL-QY-16); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51821002); the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Key Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province (no. BK20243031); the Soochow University (nos. NH16000124 and SR16000123); the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (no. P0042930); and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (nos. PolyU 25300823 and PolyU 15300724).
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Jiang Liu, Y.H., L.D. and H.Z. conceived this work and designed the experiment. Jiang Liu, H.Z. and Qiaoyan Li acquired the PL spectra. J. Yu conducted the ToF-SIMS measurements. T.W.L. and J. Yin conducted the DFT calculations. Minghui Li and C.X. performed the KPFM measurements. Jiang Liu, Y.H. and L.D. designed the texture structure and contributed to its development. Y.H., L.D., H.Z., L.J., Y.Q., X.G, F.Z, Qibo Li, Y.Y., S.Z., X.W., Jie Liu, T.L., Y.G., Y.W. and X.D. fabricated and optimized the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. H.C., P.L., T.Z., M.Y., X.R., F.P., S.Y., M.Q., P.X., Z.Z. and Menglei Li fabricated and optimized the silicon bottom cells. P.G. conducted the XPS and UPS measurements. Jiang Liu and Y.H. wrote the draft of the manuscript. Jiang Liu, Y.H., L.D., B.H. and X.X. reviewed and polished the manuscript. C.X., P.X., H.Y., J. Yin, X.Z., Z.L., B.H. and X.X. supervised the project and secured the funding.
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A patent application (No. 202310730135.2, filed in China) that covers the asymmetrically sized texturing used in this work has been submitted.
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Liu, J., He, Y., Ding, L. et al. Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with bilayer interface passivation . Nature 635, 596–603 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07997-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07997-7
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