Extended Data Fig. 3: Yield buckling in large-scale metamaterials.
From: Harnessing plasticity in sequential metamaterials for ideal shock absorption
a, A metamaterial consisting of N × N unit cells. b–d, Buckling mode versus aspect ratio t/ℓ and metamaterial size N in the elastic (b), plastic (c) and yield-buckling (d) regimes from simulations. Grey squares denote a global counter-rotating square mode65,66,67 in a single step, green and blue circles denote simultaneous buckling of line modes without self-contact (see insets of panels b and c), red circles denote sequential buckling of the line modes with self-contact (see insets of panel d) and grey squares denote a global shear mode46. e,f, Snapshots of metamaterials with 7 × 7 unit cells under compression. Metamaterial in e is 3D printed with elastic rubber and metamaterial in f is printed with 316L stainless steel. Scale bar, 15 mm.
