Fig. 4: Rifaximin drives the emergence of DAP-R VREfm.
From: Rifaximin prophylaxis causes resistance to the last-resort antibiotic daptomycin
a, The percentage of total mice (n = 5 mice for vehicle, n = 10 mice for rifampicin, n = 10 mice for rifaximin, n = 10 mice for DAP) with DAP-R VREfm strains. b, The percentage of VREfm from each mouse (n = 50 colonies from each individual mouse) that were resistant to DAP after 7 days of antibiotic treatment. The points represent the percentage of DAP-R VREfm from each individual mouse. The percentage was calculated from DAP MIC values (either resistant or susceptible) from the 50 VREfm colonies isolated from each mouse. For all box plots, the centre line shows the median, the box limits show the 25th and 75th percentiles, the upper and lower whiskers extend from the hinge to the largest and smallest values at most 1.5× interquartile range from the hinge. c, Overview of the RpoB substitutions identified in the rifampicin-resistant colonies. Each point represents a single VREfm isolate. Isolates are separated by each RpoB substitution and grouped into either DAP-S or DAP-R. The RpoB substitutions coloured in red had an association with DAP resistance. n values represent the number of isolates containing each mutation for rifaximin (left) and rifampicin (right). Data in a and b were analysed using two-sided unpaired t-tests (vehicle versus rifampicin or vehicle versus rifaximin and rifampicin verses DAP or rifaximin verses DAP). Exact P values are provided when the P value is above P < 0.0001.
