Fig. 4: Comparing GKP qudits.

a, Effective lifetime of the physical cavity Fock qudit and logical GKP qudit for d ∈ {2, 3, 4}. The arrows indicate the QEC gain. b, Effective envelope size Δeff of the optimized GKP qudit for d ∈ {2, 3, 4}. c, Mean number of photons in the cavity for the optimized GKP qudit for d ∈ {2, 3, 4}.