Fig. 2: The results of 25 independent tests to investigate the effect that potential biases in Prot and R* could have on the computation of i*.
From: One-third of Sun-like stars are born with misaligned planet-forming disks
a–y, Each cell represents an individual test in which Δi is determined using larger or smaller values of Prot and/or R* compared with the nominal adopted values. Cells show Δi as a function of spectral type, with data points shaded with respect to i*. The nominal results of our analysis are shown in the centre of the grid, identified by a shaded background. Grid cells to the right of centre show outcomes for incrementally greater rotation periods and grid cells to the left of centre show outcomes for incrementally decreased rotation. Nominal stellar radii were increased for cells above the centre row and were decreased for cells in the bottom two rows. In several cases, the combination of test values of Prot and R* produced equatorial velocities that were less than vsini* by more than 2σ and are therefore not physically viable. The non-physical results are indicated by the faded points and are excluded from further analysis. Error bars are shown at 1σ confidence.
