Extended Data Fig. 1: Layout of AAV vector inoculations and timing of oral SHIV challenges in Groups 1–4.

a, The three infants in Group 1 were treated intramuscularly (IM) at birth with the indicated dose of an AAV-1 vector expressing rh-eCD4-IgG2-LS. b, The three infants in Group 2 were treated intravenously (IV) at birth with the indicated dose of an AAV-8 vector expressing rh-eCD4-IgG2-LS. Four weeks later, the Group 2 macaques were injected IM with the same dose of the same AAV-1/rh-eCD4-IgG2-LS vector administered to the Group 1 animals. c, The three infants in Group 3 were injected IM at birth with the indicated dose of an AAV-8 vector expressing rh-3BNC117-IgG1-LS. As the nine infants in Groups 1–3 approached 20 weeks of age, a per-protocol transition to paired housing necessitated the removal of one animal from the study. Because serum concentrations of rh-3BNC117-IgG1-LS had fallen below detection limits after week 12 in the Group 3 infant rh3-3, this animal was removed from the study. d, The six AAV vector-naïve infants in Group 4 were matched in age to those in Groups 1–3. Beginning at postnatal weeks 30–34, all the AAV-treated RMs in Groups 1–3 (except for rh3-3) and the Group 4 controls were subjected to weekly oral challenges with escalating doses of SHIV-AD8_EO.