Extended Data Fig. 5: Comparison of different fidelity estimation methods for d = 5 distillation.

For low accepted fractions, the small number of samples causes the maximum likelihood estimate (red, allowed to exceed 1 here) and Bayesian estimates (blue) to differ noticeably, since the latter will be influenced by the prior. In our figures in the main text, we therefore focus on the region in which the two methods give consistent estimates. Horizontal line indicates the error corrected fidelity of the factory input states (green). Shaded regions indicate 68% confidence intervals.