Extended Data Fig. 4: Infant-specific gene expression across ages in two independent datasets.

Heat maps (top) plotting infant-specific gene expression ordered by age in this study and Herring et al.²⁵ showing higher expression in infant and gestational cases and lower expression in adults for L2/3 neurons and astrocytes. Box plots (bottom) showing mean expression of infant-specific genes and adult-specific genes in L2/3 neurons and astrocytes across ages in this study and Herring et al.²⁵ Expression of infant-specific genes is significantly higher in donors 28 days to 301 days, the subset that most closely matches the ages of the two infants in this study, compared to donors ≥15. Expression of adult-specific genes is significantly lower in the same group of infant donors compared to donors ≥15. All box plots depict median, and first and third quartile. Whiskers show 1.5 × IQR beyond the first and third quartiles. (Two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test).