Fig. 3: Inactivation of Spp1 inhibits PDAC development and metastasis formation.

a, Schematic showing how the Spp1^fl/fl KPFCT mouse model was generated. b, Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of Spp1^WT/WT KPFCT and Spp1^fl/fl KPFCT tumours (n = 3 mice). Scale bar, 1.0 mm. c, Immunofluorescence staining for GFP (grey), KRT19 (green) and VIM (red) in Spp1^WT/WT KPFCT and Spp1^fl/fl KPFCT tumours. Scale bar, 200 μm. d, Comparison of the proportions of different cancer cell subpopulations between Spp1^WT/WT KPFCT and Spp1^fl/fl KPFCT tumours (n = 5 mice). e, Kaplan–Meir survival curves of Spp1^WT/WT KPFCT (n = 15) and Spp1^fl/fl KPFCT (n = 16) mice. The P value was calculated using the log-rank test. f, Kaplan–Meir survival curves of Spp1^WT/WT KPCY (n = 14) and Spp1^fl/fl KPCY (n = 14) mice. The P value was calculated using the log-rank test. g, Images of liver and lung metastases in Spp1^WT/WT KP^hetFCT and Spp1^fl/fl KP^hetFCT mice. Arrowheads indicate metastases. h, Percentage of mice with liver metastases (left) and quantification of the number of liver metastases (right) in Spp1^WT/WT KP^hetFCT (n = 15) and Spp1^fl/fl KP^hetFCT (n = 20) mice. i, Percentage of mice with lung metastases (left) and quantification of the number of lung metastases (right) in Spp1^WT/WT KP^hetFCT (n = 15) and Spp1^fl/fl KP^hetFCT (n = 20) mice. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. (d,h (right), i (right)). P values were calculated using two-sided Fisher-exact tests (h (left) and i (left)) or two-sided t-tests (d,h (right), i (right)).

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