Extended Data Fig. 1: The role of SPP1 in human and mouse PDAC.

a, UMAP plot of single cells from a scRNA-seq dataset for human PDACs (24 PDAC and 11 normal pancreas samples). Ductal cell type 1 and 2 represent the two main PDAC cancer cell populations. b, Cancer cells were categorized into the high SPP1 expression population (SPP1^hi, n = 6980 cells) and the low SPP1 expression population (SPP1^lo, n = 6981 cells) groups based on the expression of SPP1. c, EMT signature score plot for SPP1 high (n = 6980 cells) and SPP1 low (n = 6981 cells) cancer cell populations. d, Normalised RNA read counts (RSEM) for SPP1 from the PDAC dataset of GSE71729, ICGCarray, ICGCseq, TCGA, GSE62452 and GSE79668. The samples were categorised into SPP1^hi (n = 321) and SPP1^lo groups (n = 323) based on its expression, higher or lower than the median value. e, GSEA plot for enrichment of the hallmark EMT gene set in the transcriptome of SPP1^hi PDACs. NES, normalized enrichment score; FDR, false discovery rate. f, Kaplan-Meir test for the survival analysis of SPP1 high expression patients (n = 321) and SPP1 low expression patients (n = 323). P value was calculated with the logrank test. g, KPFV pancreatic cancer mouse model schematic diagram. h, Validation of CRISPR/Cas9 Spp1 knockout by Western blot. n = 3 independent experiments. Gel source data are provided in Supplementary Fig. 1. i, H&E and immunohistochemistry for Krt19 and Vimentin in KPFV; Spp1^wt/wt (n = 3 mice) and KPFV; Spp1^Δ/Δ allografts (n = 2 mice). Scale bar: 2.5 mm. j, Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI (Blue), GFP (gray), Krt19 (green), and Vimentin (red) of KPF; Spp1^wt/wt (n = 3 mice) and KPF; Spp1^Δ/Δ subcutaneous tumours (n = 2 mice). Scale bar is 50um. For b and d data, the lines in violin plots indicate the median, the upper quartile and the lower quartile respectively. For b, c, d data, P value is from two-sided Mann-Whitney test.